Abstract
Portability and interoperability are frequently invoked in policy discussions as tools to mitigate vendor lock-in arising from technical incompatibilities in cloud computing. This paper delineates these concepts, clarifies the specific competition policy goals they can support, and highlights the key trade-offs and implementation challenges associated with their application to cloud services. It advocates for a targeted competition policy approach to technical interventions and interoperability regulation, and proposes criteria for assessing when mandatory standardization and interoperability requirements may be appropriate. Based on this discussion, the paper derives policy recommendations and provides an outlook on emerging competition issues along the AI and cloud compute stack.
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